Assessment and Diagnosis: PCN 501 Grand Canyon Week 3 Assignment
Assessment and Diagnosis: PCN 501 Grand Canyon Week 3 Assignment
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Details:
Write a 500-750-word paper that answers the following questions:
- What screening and assessment methods are available for assessing and diagnosing clients for substance use and other addictive disorders? Assessment and Diagnosis: PCN 501 Grand Canyon Week 3 Assignment
- What considerations must be made for choosing an appropriate screening and assessment tool?
- How do screening and assessment techniques for substance related disorders differ from those for process addictions?
Include a minimum of two scholarly references in addition to the textbook in your paper. Assessment and Diagnosis: PCN 501 Grand Canyon Week 3 Assignment
Prepare this Assessment and Diagnosis: PCN 501 Grand Canyon Week 3 Assignment according to the APA guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.
This Assessment and Diagnosis: PCN 501 Grand Canyon Week 3 Assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.
You are required to submit this Assessment and Diagnosis: PCN 501 Grand Canyon Week 3 Assignment to Turnitin. Please refer to the directions in the Student Success Center.
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- The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) provides diagnostic criteria for substance-related
Assessment and Diagnosis PCN 501 Grand Canyon Week 3 Assignment diagnoses. What problems can arise if a counselor relies solely on this criterion for diagnostic purposes? Support your answer with evidence.
PCN 501 Grand Canyon Week 3 Discussion 1
- There are numerous screening instruments available to help counselors assess and diagnose substance use disorders. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using standardized instruments to assess and diagnose clients?
Treatment Interventions Paper
Details:
Write a 500-750 paper that contrasts two interventions for the treatment of substance use disorders.
Refer to the National Registry of Evidence-based Programs and Practices website to help you successfully complete your paper. Assessment and Diagnosis: PCN 501 Grand Canyon Week 3 Assignment Be sure to select treatment interventions and not prevention programs.
Include the following in your paper for each intervention:
- Intervention description
- Outcomes
- Target population
- Treatment settings
- Research about the effectiveness of the intervention
- Possible training necessary to deliver each intervention (you will need to conduct research outside of the NREPP website)
Include a minimum of two scholarly references in addition to the textbook in your paper. Assessment and Diagnosis: PCN 501 Grand Canyon Week 3 Assignment
Prepare this assignment according to the APA guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.
This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion. Assessment and Diagnosis: PCN 501 Grand Canyon Week 3 Assignment
You are required to submit this assignment to Turnitin. Please refer to the directions in the Student Success Center.
Substance Abuse Screening
The goal of substance abuse screening is to identify women who have or are developing alcohol- or drug-related problems. Assessment and Diagnosis: PCN 501 Grand Canyon Week 3 Assignment Routinely, women are less likely than men to be identified as having substance abuse problems (Buchsbaum et al. 1993); yet, they are more likely to exhibit significant health problems after consuming fewer substances in a shorter period of time.
Substance abuse screening and assessment tools, in general, are not as sensitive in identifying women as having substance abuse problems.
Screening for substance use disorders is conducted by an interview or by giving a short written questionnaire. Assessment and Diagnosis: PCN 501 Grand Canyon Week 3 Assignment While selection of the instrument may be based on various factors, including cost and administration time (Thornberry et al. 2002), the decision to use an interview versus a self-administered screening tool should also be based upon the comfort level of the counselor or healthcare professional (Arborelius and Thakker 1995; Duszynski et al. 1995; Gale et al. 1998; Thornberry et al. 2002). Assessment and Diagnosis: PCN 501 Grand Canyon Week 3 Assignment If the healthcare staff communicates discomfort, women may become wary of disclosing their full use of substances (Aquilino 1994; see also Center for Substance Abuse Prevention [CSAP] 1993).
Box
Advice to Clinicians: Substance Abuse Screening and Assessment Among Women.
Many instruments have been developed to screen for alcohol consumption, and several measures have been adapted to screen for specific drugs. Assessment and Diagnosis: PCN 501 Grand Canyon Week 3 Assignment While numerous screening tools are available, information about the reliability and validity of these instruments with women is limited. The following listing, while not exhaustive, individually reviews tools with available gender-specific information.
General Alcohol and Drug Screening
AUDIT
The Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT; Babor and Grant 1989) is a widely used screening tool that is reproduced with guidelines and scoring instructions in TIP 26 Substance Abuse Among Older Adults (CSAT 1998d). The AUDIT is effective in identifying heavy drinking among nonpregnant women (Bradley et al. 1998c). Assessment and Diagnosis: PCN 501 Grand Canyon Week 3 Assignment It consists of 10 questions that were highly correlated with hazardous or harmful alcohol consumption. This instrument can be given as a self-administered test, or the questions can be read aloud. The AUDIT takes about 2 minutes to administer. Assessment and Diagnosis: PCN 501 Grand Canyon Week 3 Assignment Note: Question 3, concerning binge drinking, should be revised for women to refer to having 4 (not 6) or more drinks on one occasion.
TCUDS II
The Texas Christian University Drug Screen II (TCUDS II) is a 15-item, self-administered substance abuse screening tool that requires 5–10 minutes to complete. Assessment and Diagnosis: PCN 501 Grand Canyon Week 3 Assignment It is based in part on Diagnostic Interview Schedule and refers to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR; American Psychiatric Association [APA] 2000a) criteria for substance abuse and dependence. TCUDS II is used widely in criminal justice settings. It has good reliability among female populations (Knight 2002; Knight et al. 2002). This screen, along with related instruments, is available at www.ibr.tcu.edu. Assessment and Diagnosis: PCN 501 Grand Canyon Week 3 Assignment
CAGE
CAGE (Ewing 1984) asks about lifetime alcohol or drug consumption (see Figure 4-1). Each “yes” response receives 1 point, and the cutoff point (the score that makes the test results positive) is either 1 or 2. Assessment and Diagnosis: PCN 501 Grand Canyon Week 3 Assignment Two “yes” answers results in a very small false-positive rate and the clinician will be less likely to identify clients as potentially having a substance use disorder when they do not. However, the higher cutoff of 2 points decreases the sensitivity of CAGE for women—that is, increases the likelihood that some women who are at risk for a substance problem will receive a negative screening score (i.e., it increases the false-negative rate). Assessment and Diagnosis: PCN 501 Grand Canyon Week 3 Assignment Note: It is recommended that a cutoff score of 1 be employed in screening for women. This measure has also been translated and tested for Hispanic/Latina populations.
Figure 4-1
The CAGE Questionnaire.
A common criticism of the CAGE is that it is not gender-sensitive—that is, women who have problems associated with alcohol use are less likely than male counterparts to screen positive when this instrument is used. Assessment and Diagnosis: PCN 501 Grand Canyon Week 3 Assignment One study of more than 1,000 women found that asking simple questions about frequency and quantity of drinking, coupled with a question about binge drinking, was better than the CAGE in detecting alcohol problems among women (Waterson and Murray-Lyon 1988).
The CAGE is “relatively insensitive” with Caucasian females, yet Bradley and colleagues report that it “has performed adequately in predominantly black populations of women” (1998c, p. 170). Johnson and Hughes (2005) conclude that CAGE has similar reliability and concurrent validity among women of different sexual orientations. Assessment and Diagnosis: PCN 501 Grand Canyon Week 3 Assignment The CAGE-AID (CAGE Adapted to Include Drugs) modifies the CAGE questions for use in screening for drugs other than alcohol. Assessment and Diagnosis: PCN 501 Grand Canyon Week 3 Assignment This version of the CAGE shows promise in identifying pregnant, low-income women at risk for heavier drug use (Midanik et al. 1998).
Screening for Tobacco Use
Similar to other substances, women pay an exceptional price for using tobacco. The second leading cause of death in women is cancer (CDC 2004), with tobacco accounting for 90 percent of all lung cancers, according to the Surgeon General’s Report on Women and Smoking (2001). Assessment and Diagnosis: PCN 501 Grand Canyon Week 3 Assignment Yet, women are less likely to be referred to smoking cessation programs or provided smoking cessation products (Steinberg et al. 2006). Therefore, screening for tobacco use and referral for nicotine cessation should be standard practice in substance abuse treatment. Assessment and Diagnosis: PCN 501 Grand Canyon Week 3 Assignment Counselors can simply screen for tobacco use beginning with current and past patterns of use, including type of tobacco, number of cigarettes smoked per day, frequency of use, circumstances surrounding use, and specific times and locations. Assessment and Diagnosis: PCN 501 Grand Canyon Week 3 Assignment For individuals who currently smoke, a more comprehensive assessment needs to be completed with recommendations incorporated into the woman’s treatment plan. Assessment and Diagnosis: PCN 501 Grand Canyon Week 3 Assignment
Screening Instruments for Pregnant Women
Considering the devastating impact of substances on the developing fetus, routine screening for drug, alcohol, and tobacco use among pregnant women is imperative. Face-to-face screening interviews are not always successful in detecting alcohol and drug use, especially in pregnant women. Assessment and Diagnosis: PCN 501 Grand Canyon Week 3 Assignment However, self-administered screening tools have been found to be more likely to elicit honest answers (Lessler and O’Reilly 1997; Russell et al. 1996; Tourangeau and Smith 1996). Three screening instruments for use with pregnant women are TWEAK, T-ACE, and 5Ps Plus (CSAP 1993; Morse et al. 1997).
Women who smoked in the month before pregnancy are nine times more likely to be currently using either drugs or alcohol or both while pregnant (Chasnoff et al. 2001).